Cancer vaccines jo immune system ka upyog karti hain, kuch cancers ke liye FDA approval bhi prapt kar chuki hain, lekin aksar yeh paryapt immune response utpann nahi karti. Kuch shodhkartao ne immune-stimulating molecules (cytokines) jodne ka prayas kiya, lekin isse gambhir side effects ho sakte hain - kyunki yeh to hona hi tha.

Ab, MIT ke chemical engineer Daniel Anderson aur unke saathiyon ne MIT, Harvard, aur University of Houston mein ek alag strategy report ki hai: mRNA vaccines ke prati T-cell response ko amplify karna. Yeh advance adhik shaktishali cancer vaccines aur infectious diseases ke khilaf majboot suraksha de sakta hai - kyunki kaun nahi chahta?

Zyaada tar vaccines antibodies aur T-cells utpann karti hain jo antigen-presenting cells ko activate karte hain, jo immune system ko batate hain ki kya attack karna hai. Apne adhyayan mein, shodhkartao ne is response ko ek naye vaccine adjuvant - ek material jo immune system ko stimulate karta hai - ke saath badhaya. Yeh adjuvant mRNA molecules se bana hai jo do genes encode karte hain jo immune cells ko signaling pathways chalu karke adhik active state mein badal dete hain.

Bladder cancer, colon carcinoma, melanoma, aur metastatic lung cancer ke mouse models mein, lipid nanoparticles containing mRNA-encoded adjuvant ke injections ne immune system ko kuch tumors ki growth dheemi karne aur kai tumors ko khatam karne mein saksham banaya - bina kisi specific cancer vaccine ke. Jab vaccine di gayi, toh response aur bhi strong tha.

"Jab yeh adjuvant mRNAs vaccines mein shamil ki jati hain, antigen-targeted T-cells ki sankhya kaafi badh jati hai," Anderson kehte hain. mRNA adjuvant ne checkpoint blockade inhibitors ke prati immune response ko bhi badhaya, jo tumor cells ke T-cells par lagaye gaye brake ko hata dete hain aur kai cancers ke liye FDA approved hain.

"Solid tumors ka microenvironment aksar T-cells ke liye hostile hota hai aur effective immunotherapy ke liye ek bada barrier hai. Humne paya ki in adjuvants ke saath immune remodeling ek T-cell-permissive environment banata hai aur tumor rejection ko badhava deta hai," Harvard Medical School ke assistant professor aur senior author Christopher Garris kehte hain.

Shodhkartao ne adjuvant ko mice mein covid aur flu vaccines ke saath bhi test kiya, aur paya ki isne T-cell response ko 10 se 15 guna adhik strong banaya - kyunki jaise 10-guna boost toh bas shuruaat hai.

Ab ve is approach ko additional animal models mein test karne ki yojna bana rahe hain, ise cancer aur infectious diseases ke liye viksit karne ki ummeed ke saath. Is beech, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research mein Ana Jaklenec ke netritva mein ek aur MIT group ne ek adjuvant ka upyog karke injectable polio vaccine ko GI tract mein strong mucosal immune response utpann karne mein saksham banaya - jisse viral shedding aur transmission kam ho sakti hai, bina oral vaccine ke durlabh jokhimon ke, jise kai deshon ne chhod diya hai.